Factors associated with care omission and patient safety climate.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the omission of nursing care and patient safety climate. METHOD: A cross-sectional study developed at a university hospital in the Brazilian Center-West, between September and December 2022. The MISSCARE-Brazil and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were applied to a convenience sample of 164 nursing professionals. RESULTS: The most omitted care was walking three times a day or as prescribed (66.5%). The overall score of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire was 63,8 (SD: 12,6). The level of satisfaction (p<0.018) and the perception of professional adequacy (p<0.018) were associated with the omission of nursing care and the patient safety climate. CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of omission of care and unfavorable perception of the patient safety climate, mainly associated with professional adequacy for work performance.

Pain in older adults with dementia: Brazilian validation of Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia (PIMD).

BACKGROUND: Although there are several ways to assess pain in dementia, there is still a need for tools with better items to assess the presence of pain intensity in these individuals. OBJECTIVE: To validate to Brazilian version of the "Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia - PIMD-p. METHODS: Older adults, all demented with impaired verbal communication and exposed to potentially painful situations, were selected from an outpatient clinic and long-term care facility (LTCF). The PIMD-p was applied independently by 2 researchers (E1 and E2) on the same day. Within 14 days, the instrument was reapplied by one of the 2 researchers (E3). The pain intensity reported by participants' caregivers and LTCF nurses were recorded on a verbal numeric pain scale. For the statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Spearman's Coefficient and intraclass correlation Index were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 50 older individuals were selected (mean age 86 years), majority with musculoskeletal pain. The PIMD-p demonstrated good internal consistency according to Cronbach's α (0.838), excellent intra and interobserver reproducibility (0.927 and 0.970, respectively; p < 0.001), and convergent validity (strong significant correlations between reported pain intensities and pain indicators on the PIMD-p (except for expressive eyes; corr = 0.106 and p = 0.462). A ROC curve was plotted to determine the best cut-off for the PIMD-P, and a score of 7.5 predicted moderate-to-severe pain, with 77.8% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The PIMD-p showed satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring intensity of pain in demented older adults with impaired verbal communication.

ANTECEDENTES: Embora existam várias formas de estimar a dor na demência ainda há necessidade de ferramentas com melhores itens para avaliação da presença e intensidade da dor nesses indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas de uma ferramenta de avaliação da dor em idosos dementados, a "Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia Portuguese - PIMD-p". MéTODOS: Idosos expostos a situações potencialmente dolorosas, sendo esses dementados e com prejuízo na comunicação verbal, foram selecionados em uma unidade ambulatorial e uma instituição de longa permanência, em São Paulo. A PIMD-p foi aplicada por 2 pesquisadores (E1 e E2), de forma separada, num mesmo dia, e, com intervalo de no máximo 14 dias, essa foi reaplicada por apenas um deles (E3), e ainda, foi obtida a intensidade álgica inferida pelos cuidadores dos idosos participantes. Na análise estatística foram utilizados o Alfa de Cronbach, o Coeficiente de Spearman e o Índice de Correlação Intraclasses. RESULTADOS: Selecionada uma amostra de 50 idosos com média de idade de 86 anos, a maioria portadora de demência moderada e de dor de origem musculoesquelética. Apuradas para a PIMD-p uma boa consistência interna, segundo o alfa Cronbach (0,838); excelentes reprodutibilidades intra e interobservador (0,927 e 0,970, respectivamente; p < 0,001); e uma validade convergente, essa última obtida com as fortes e significativas correlações entre as intensidades dolorosas inferidas e os indicadores de dor do instrumento em estudo (exceto para o indicador "olhar expressivo"; corr = 0,106 e p = 0,462). CONCLUSãO: A PIMD-p se mostrou ser uma ferramenta com propriedades de medida adequadas para avaliar a presença e intensidade álgicas em idosos com demência e com prejuízo na comunicação verbal.

Pain in older adults with dementia: Brazilian validation of Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia (PIMD) / Dor em idosos com demência: validação da versão brasileira do instrumento Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia (PIMD)

Abstract Background Although there are several ways to assess pain in dementia, there is still a need for tools with better items to assess the presence of pain intensity in these individuals. Objective To validate to Brazilian version of the "Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia - PIMD-p. Methods Older adults, all demented with impaired verbal communication and exposed to potentially painful situations, were selected from an outpatient clinic and long-term care facility (LTCF). The PIMD-p was applied independently by 2 researchers (E1 and E2) on the same day. Within 14 days, the instrument was reapplied by one of the 2 researchers (E3). The pain intensity reported by participants' caregivers and LTCF nurses were recorded on a verbal numeric pain scale. For the statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Spearman's Coefficient and intraclass correlation Index were calculated. Results A total of 50 older individuals were selected (mean age 86 years), majority with musculoskeletal pain. The PIMD-p demonstrated good internal consistency according to Cronbach's α (0.838), excellent intra and interobserver reproducibility (0.927 and 0.970, respectively; p < 0.001), and convergent validity (strong significant correlations between reported pain intensities and pain indicators on the PIMD-p (except for expressive eyes; corr = 0.106 and p = 0.462). A ROC curve was plotted to determine the best cut-off for the PIMD-P, and a score of 7.5 predicted moderate-to-severe pain, with 77.8% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (p < 0.001). Conclusion The PIMD-p showed satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring intensity of pain in demented older adults with impaired verbal communication.

Resumo Antecedentes Embora existam várias formas de estimar a dor na demência ainda há necessidade de ferramentas com melhores itens para avaliação da presença e intensidade da dor nesses indivíduos. Objetivo Analisar as propriedades psicométricas de uma ferramenta de avaliação da dor em idosos dementados, a "Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia Portuguese - PIMD-p". Métodos Idosos expostos a situações potencialmente dolorosas, sendo esses dementados e com prejuízo na comunicação verbal, foram selecionados em uma unidade ambulatorial e uma instituição de longa permanência, em São Paulo. A PIMD-p foi aplicada por 2 pesquisadores (E1 e E2), de forma separada, num mesmo dia, e, com intervalo de no máximo 14 dias, essa foi reaplicada por apenas um deles (E3), e ainda, foi obtida a intensidade álgica inferida pelos cuidadores dos idosos participantes. Na análise estatística foram utilizados o Alfa de Cronbach, o Coeficiente de Spearman e o Índice de Correlação Intraclasses. Resultados Selecionada uma amostra de 50 idosos com média de idade de 86 anos, a maioria portadora de demência moderada e de dor de origem musculoesquelética. Apuradas para a PIMD-p uma boa consistência interna, segundo o alfa Cronbach (0,838); excelentes reprodutibilidades intra e interobservador (0,927 e 0,970, respectivamente; p < 0,001); e uma validade convergente, essa última obtida com as fortes e significativas correlações entre as intensidades dolorosas inferidas e os indicadores de dor do instrumento em estudo (exceto para o indicador "olhar expressivo"; corr = 0,106 e p = 0,462). Conclusão A PIMD-p se mostrou ser uma ferramenta com propriedades de medida adequadas para avaliar a presença e intensidade álgicas em idosos com demência e com prejuízo na comunicação verbal.

Agentes antitrombóticos utilizados por pessoas idosas: prevalência e fatores associados / Antithrombotic agents used by older people: prevalence and associated factors

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os tipos e a prevalência da utilização de medicamentos antitrombóticos por pessoas idosas, e os fatores associados. Método Estudo transversal com pessoas idosas domiciliares, na cidade de Goiânia, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. A classificação farmacológica dos medicamentos antitrombóticos foi efetuada de acordo com a classificação Anatômico Terapêutico Químico (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical - ATC). Realizada análise bivariada e múltipla com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram do estudo 212 idosos com prevalência de uso de medicamentos antitrombóticos de 27,8%. Os tipos mais utilizados foram: ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) (n= 49; 83%), Clopidogrel (n=6; 10,1%) e Cilostazol (n=4; 6,7%). Os fatores associados foram: faixa etária de 70-79 anos (p<0,001) e a polifarmácia (p<0,001). Conclusão A proporção do uso de antitrombóticos foi alta entre os idosos, e os fármacos mais consumidos possuem risco de complicações e de interações medicamentosas. A vigilância deve ser maior naqueles com mais de 70 anos e em polifarmácia, sendo necessário empreender esforços para o acompanhamento clínico desses idosos em terapia antitrombótica farmacológica.

Abstract Objective To analyze the types and prevalence of use of antithrombotic drugs by older people and associated factors. Method A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older people was carried out in the city of Goiânia, Midwest Brazil. The pharmacological classification of antithrombotic drugs was performed according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed with a significance level of 5%. Results 212 older people participated in the study and the prevalence of antithrombotic drug use was 27.8%. The most used types were acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (n= 49; 83%), Clopidogrel (n=6; 10.1%) and Cilostazol (n=4; 6.7%). Associated factors were the 70-79 years age group (p<0.001) and polypharmacy (p<0.001). Conclusion The proportion of antithrombotic use by the participants was high and the most used drugs posed a risk of complications and drug-drug interactions. Attention should be heightened in individuals aged >70 years and in use of polypharmacy and efforts must be made to clinically monitor these users of antithrombotic drugs therapy.

Upper limb joint coordination preserves hand kinematics after a traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) causes a sensorimotor deficit in upper limb (UL) movements. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the arm-forearm coordination of both the injured and uninjured UL of TBPI subjects. Methods: TBPI participants (n = 13) and controls (n = 10) matched in age, gender, and anthropometric characteristics were recruited. Kinematics from the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and index finger markers were collected, while upstanding participants transported a cup to their mouth and returned the UL to a starting position. The UL coordination was measured through the relative phase (RP) between arm and forearm phase angles and analyzed as a function of the hand kinematics. Results: For all participants, the hand transport had a shorter time to peak velocity (p < 0.01) compared to the return. Also, for the control and the uninjured TBPI UL, the RP showed a coordination pattern that favored forearm movements in the peak velocity of the transport phase (p < 0.001). TBPI participants' injured UL showed a longer movement duration in comparison to controls (p < 0.05), but no differences in peak velocity, time to peak velocity, and trajectory length, indicating preserved hand kinematics. The RP of the injured UL revealed altered coordination in favor of arm movements compared to controls and the uninjured UL (p < 0.001). Finally, TBPI participants' uninjured UL showed altered control of arm and forearm phase angles during the deceleration of hand movements compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that UL coordination is reorganized after a TBPI so as to preserve hand kinematics.

Temporal trends in leptospirosis incidence and association with climatic and environmental factors in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. / Tendência temporal da leptospirose e sua associação com variáveis climáticas e ambientais em Santa Catarina, Brasil.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with epidemic potential, especially after heavy rainfall causing river, urban and flash floods. Certain features of Santa Catarina's coastal region influence these processes. Using negative binomial regression, we investigated trends in the incidence of leptospirosis in the six municipalities with the highest epidemic peaks between 2000 and 2015 and the climatic and environmental variables associated with the occurrence of the disease. Incidence was highest in 2008 and 2011, and peaks occurred in the same month or month after disasters. Incidence showed a strong seasonal trend, being higher in summer months. There was a decrease trend in incidence across the six municipalities (3.21% per year). The climatic and environmental factors that showed the strongest associations were number of rainy days, maximum temperature, presence of flash floods, and river flooding. The impact of these variables varied across the municipalities. Significant interactions were found, indicating that the effect of river flooding on incidence is not the same across all municipalities and differences in incidence between municipalities depend on the occurrence of river flooding.

A leptospirose é uma zoonose que apresenta potencial epidêmico, principalmente após fortes chuvas que acarretam inundações, alagamentos e enxurradas. Algumas características da região costeira de Santa Catarina, localizada no Sul do Brasil, influenciam nesses processos. Portanto, a partir do estudo da leptospirose nos seis municípios do estado com as maiores incidências e picos epidêmicos de 2000 a 2015, buscou-se conhecer a tendência dessa doença e as variáveis climáticas e ambientais associadas à sua ocorrência, ajustando dois modelos com resposta binomial negativa. As maiores incidências foram encontradas em 2008 e 2011, com picos no mesmo mês ou no posterior aos eventos de desastres. A incidência apresentou forte comportamento sazonal, sendo maior nos meses do verão. Observou-se tendência de queda na incidência dos municípios estudados, estimada em 3,21% ao ano. Os fatores climáticos e ambientais mais fortemente associados foram o número de dias de chuva, a temperatura máxima e a presença de enxurrada e de inundação, com diferentes impactos entre os municípios. Houve interações significativas, indicando que o efeito de inundações na incidência não é o mesmo em todos os municípios e que as diferenças nas incidências entre os municípios dependem da ocorrência ou não de inundações.

Tendência temporal da leptospirose e sua associação com variáveis climáticas e ambientais em Santa Catarina, Brasil / Temporal trends in leptospirosis incidence and association with climatic and environmental factors in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Resumo A leptospirose é uma zoonose que apresenta potencial epidêmico, principalmente após fortes chuvas que acarretam inundações, alagamentos e enxurradas. Algumas características da região costeira de Santa Catarina, localizada no Sul do Brasil, influenciam nesses processos. Portanto, a partir do estudo da leptospirose nos seis municípios do estado com as maiores incidências e picos epidêmicos de 2000 a 2015, buscou-se conhecer a tendência dessa doença e as variáveis climáticas e ambientais associadas à sua ocorrência, ajustando dois modelos com resposta binomial negativa. As maiores incidências foram encontradas em 2008 e 2011, com picos no mesmo mês ou no posterior aos eventos de desastres. A incidência apresentou forte comportamento sazonal, sendo maior nos meses do verão. Observou-se tendência de queda na incidência dos municípios estudados, estimada em 3,21% ao ano. Os fatores climáticos e ambientais mais fortemente associados foram o número de dias de chuva, a temperatura máxima e a presença de enxurrada e de inundação, com diferentes impactos entre os municípios. Houve interações significativas, indicando que o efeito de inundações na incidência não é o mesmo em todos os municípios e que as diferenças nas incidências entre os municípios dependem da ocorrência ou não de inundações.

Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with epidemic potential, especially after heavy rainfall causing river, urban and flash floods. Certain features of Santa Catarina's coastal region influence these processes. Using negative binomial regression, we investigated trends in the incidence of leptospirosis in the six municipalities with the highest epidemic peaks between 2000 and 2015 and the climatic and environmental variables associated with the occurrence of the disease. Incidence was highest in 2008 and 2011, and peaks occurred in the same month or month after disasters. Incidence showed a strong seasonal trend, being higher in summer months. There was a decrease trend in incidence across the six municipalities (3.21% per year). The climatic and environmental factors that showed the strongest associations were number of rainy days, maximum temperature, presence of flash floods, and river flooding. The impact of these variables varied across the municipalities. Significant interactions were found, indicating that the effect of river flooding on incidence is not the same across all municipalities and differences in incidence between municipalities depend on the occurrence of river flooding.

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Student Evaluation Survey: Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brazilian Version.

Background and Purpose: The development of quality and safety competencies is an important issue in nursing education globally. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Student Evaluation Survey (QSEN SES) for use in Brazil and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: The QSEN SES was adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Reliability and structural validity were evaluated in an online study with 130 undergraduate nursing students. Results: The content validity index (CVI) of the instrument was 0.93. The reliability was strong. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the model fit was insufficient. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of QSEN SES is reliable, but additional analyses are needed with a larger sample to confirm the construct validity of the instrument.

Kinematic Changes in the Uninjured Limb After a Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury.

Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) typically causes sensory, motor and autonomic deficits of the affected upper limb. Recent studies have suggested that a unilateral TBPI can also affect the cortical representations associated to the uninjured limb. Objective: To investigate the kinematic features of the uninjured upper limb in participants with TBPI. Methods: Eleven participants with unilateral TBPI and twelve healthy controls matched in gender, age and anthropometric characteristics were recruited. Kinematic parameters collected from the index finger marker were measured while participants performed a free-endpoint whole-body reaching task and a cup-to-mouth task with the uninjured upper limb in a standing position. Results: For the whole-body reaching task, lower time to peak velocity (p = 0.01), lower peak of velocity (p = 0.003), greater movement duration (p = 0.04) and shorter trajectory length (p = 0.01) were observed in the TBPI group compared to the control group. For the cup-to-mouth task, only a lower time to peak velocity was found for the TBPI group compared to the control group (p = 0.02). Interestingly, no differences between groups were observed for the finger endpoint height parameter in either of the tasks. Taken together, these results suggest that TBPI leads to a higher cost for motor planning when it comes to movements of the uninjured limb as compared to healthy participants. This cost is even higher in a task with a greater postural balance challenge. Conclusion: This study expands the current knowledge on bilateral sensorimotor alterations after unilateral TBPI and should guide rehabilitation after a peripheral injury.

Adherence to safety barriers in medication administration: patients' perception.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the perception of patients about health professionals' adherence to safety barriers in medication administration. METHOD: cross-sectional and correlational study carried out in a hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, with a total of 249 adult patients admitted to the medical clinic. An electronic form developed by the researcher was used. Quantitative variables were analyzed in mean, median and standard deviation. Likert-type variables were calculated according to the perception score and the Bayesian Information criterion was used. The cutoff point for positive assessment of the patients' perception was 0.75. RESULTS: the average perception score was 0.29 and, of the 15 barriers analyzed, eight are never adhered by professionals, in the opinion of most patients. Also, age was the only variable with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: the younger the patient, the better their perception of health professionals' adherence to safety barriers in medication administration.

Factors influencing the patient safety climate in intensive care units: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Measuring the patient safety climate of a health service provides important information about the safety status at a given time. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the patient safety climate in Intensive Care Units. METHODS: An analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 and 2018 in two adult Intensive Care Units of a Brazilian Teaching Hospital. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire instrument was applied with the multidisciplinary teams to determine the factors influencing the patient safety climate. Data were double entered into a database and processed using the R (version 3.5.0) statistical software. Position, central tendency and dispersion measures were taken and absolute and relative frequencies, mean and confidence intervals were calculated for the quantitative variables. Linear regression was performed to verify the effect of variables on the SAQ domains. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were selected for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 84 healthcare providers participated in the study. The mean Safety Attitudes Questionnaire score was 59.5, evidencing a negative climate. The following factors influenced the safety climate: time since course completion, professional category, type of employment contract, complementary professional training, and weekly workload. CONCLUSIONS: The factors identified indicate items for planning improvements in communication, teamwork, work processes, and management involvement, aiming to ensure care safety and construct a supportive safety climate.

Reflections on patient safety incident reporting systems.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the main characteristics and recommendations of Incident Reporting Systems, discuss the population's participation in reporting, and point out challenges in the Brazilian system. METHOD: Reflection study, based on Ordinance No. 529/13, which instituted the National Patient Safety Program, under Collegiate Board Resolution (CBR) No. 36/13; reflections by experts were added. RESULTS: Reporting systems are a source for learning and monitoring, allow early detection of incidents, investigations and, mainly, the generation of recommendations prior to recurrences, in addition to raising information for patients and relatives. There is little participation of the population in the reporting, regardless of the type of system and characteristics such as confidentiality, anonymity, and mandatory nature. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: In Brazil, although reporting is mandatory, there is an urgency to advance the involvement and participation of the population, professionals, and institutions. To simplify data entry by improving the interface and importing data from the reporting system is an objective to be achieved.

Real-world data on neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has been shown to be effective in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer in clinical trials. However, adoption in clinical practice is still limited. Real-world data may provide useful insights into effectiveness, toxicities and quality of care, potentially rendering clinical trial results to the real-world setting. Our purpose was to report real-world data of a cohort of postmenopausal patients submitted to NET. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 146 postmenopausal female patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer treated with NET at three tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Clinicopathological information were collected prospectively. Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI) score was calculated for tumors submitted to at least 16 weeks of NET. RESULTS: Median age was 67 years old, and 87.8% had stage I-II disease. Most tumors had histological grade II (76.1%). Median pretreatment Ki67 expression was 10%. Aromatase inhibitor was used in 99.5% of patients, and median treatment duration was 21.0 weeks. No tumor progressed during NET. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in the majority of patients (63.0%), as well as sentinel lymph-node biopsy (76.7%). Pathological complete response rate was 1.0%. 43 patients (29.5%) had PEPI score 0, and 26% had PEPI scores 4-5. Posttreatment Ki67 median expression was 3.0%, and only five tumors (3.4%) showed marked increase in Ki67 expression during treatment. Seven patients (4.8%) had HER2-positive residual disease, and were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS: Our real-world data shows that NET is effective and safe in postmenopausal patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Postmenopausal status and low-risk luminal tumor features (luminal A-like) should be used as selection criteria to ensure the best results with NET.

Reflections on patient safety incident reporting systems / Reflexiones sobre sistemas de notificación de incidentes de seguridad del paciente / Reflexões sobre sistemas de notificação de incidentes de segurança do paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the main characteristics and recommendations of Incident Reporting Systems, discuss the population's participation in reporting, and point out challenges in the Brazilian system. Method: Reflection study, based on Ordinance No. 529/13, which instituted the National Patient Safety Program, under Collegiate Board Resolution (CBR) No. 36/13; reflections by experts were added. Results: Reporting systems are a source for learning and monitoring, allow early detection of incidents, investigations and, mainly, the generation of recommendations prior to recurrences, in addition to raising information for patients and relatives. There is little participation of the population in the reporting, regardless of the type of system and characteristics such as confidentiality, anonymity, and mandatory nature. Final Considerations: In Brazil, although reporting is mandatory, there is an urgency to advance the involvement and participation of the population, professionals, and institutions. To simplify data entry by improving the interface and importing data from the reporting system is an objective to be achieved.

RESUMEN Objetivo Reflejar sobre principales características y recomendaciones de Sistemas de Notificación de Incidentes, discutir la participación de la población en la notificación y puntuar desafíos en el sistema brasileño. Método Estudio de reflexión, con base en en Decreto nº 529/13, que instituyó el Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente, en la RDC nº 36/13; acrecentaron reflexiones de especialistas. Resultados: Sistemas de notificación son fuente para aprendizaje y monitoreo, permiten detección precoz de incidentes, investigaciones y, principalmente, generación de recomendaciones ante recurrencias, además de suscitar informaciones para pacientes-familiares. Hay poca participación de la población en las notificaciones, independientemente del tipo de sistema y de características como confidencialidad, anonimato y obligatoriedad. Consideraciones finales: En Brasil, aunque la notificación sea obligatoria, es urgente avanzar en envolvimiento y participación de la población, profesionales e instituciones. Simplificar inserción de datos mejorando interface e importación de datos del sistema de notificación es un objetivo.

RESUMO Objetivo Refletir sobre principais características e recomendações de Sistemas de Notificação de Incidentes, discutir a participação da população na notificação e pontuar desafios no sistema brasileiro. Método Estudo de reflexão, com base na Portaria nº 529/13, que instituiu o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente, na RDC nº 36/13; acrescentaram-se reflexões de especialistas. Resultados: Os sistemas de notificação são fonte para aprendizado e monitoramento, permitem detecção precoce de incidentes, investigações e, principalmente, geração de recomendações ante recorrências, além de suscitar informações para pacientes-familiares. Existe pouca participação da população nas notificações, independentemente do tipo de sistema e de características como confidencialidade, anonimato e obrigatoriedade. Considerações finais: No Brasil, embora a notificação seja obrigatória, é urgente avançar no envolvimento e participação da população, profissionais e instituições. Simplificar a inserção de dados melhorando a interface e a importação de dados do sistema de notificação é um objetivo a ser alcançado.

Adherence to safety barriers in medication administration: patients' perception / Adhesión a las barreras de seguridad en la administración de medicamentos: percepción del paciente / Adesão às barreiras de segurança na administração de medicamentos: percepção do paciente

Objective: to analyze the perception of patients about health professionals' adherence to safety barriers in medication administration. Method: cross-sectional and correlational study carried out in a hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, with a total of 249 adult patients admitted to the medical clinic. An electronic form developed by the researcher was used. Quantitative variables were analyzed in mean, median and standard deviation. Likert-type variables were calculated according to the perception score and the Bayesian Information criterion was used. The cutoff point for positive assessment of the patients' perception was 0.75. Results: the average perception score was 0.29 and, of the 15 barriers analyzed, eight are never adhered by professionals, in the opinion of most patients. Also, age was the only variable with statistical significance. Conclusion: the younger the patient, the better their perception of health professionals' adherence to safety barriers in medication administration.

Objetivo: analizar la percepción de pacientes sobre la adhesión de los profesionales de salud a las barreras de seguridad en la administración de medicamentos. Método: estudio transversal y correlacional realizado en un hospital del interior de São Paulo, con 249 pacientes adultos hospitalizados en la clínica médica. Se utilizó un formulario electrónico desarrollado por la investigadora. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron en términos de media, mediana y desviación estándar. Las variables tipo Likert se calcularon según el puntaje de percepción y se utilizó el criterio de Información Bayesiana. El punto de corte para la evaluación positiva de la percepción del paciente fue 0,75. Resultados: el puntaje de percepción promedio fue de 0,29 y, de las 15 barreras analizadas, ocho nunca son adheridas por los profesionales, en la opinión de la mayoría de los pacientes. Además, la edad fue la única variable con significación estadística. Conclusión: cuanto más joven es el paciente, mejor es su percepción de la adhesión de los profesionales de salud a las barreras de seguridad en la administración de medicamentos.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de pacientes sobre a adesão dos profissionais de saúde às barreiras de segurança na administração de medicamentos. Método: estudo transversal e correlacional, realizado em um hospital do interior de São Paulo, com 249 pacientes adultos internados na clínica médica. Utilizou-se um formulário eletrônico desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. As variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas em termos de média, mediana e desvio-padrão. As variáveis do tipo Likert foram calculadas de acordo com o escore de percepção, utilizando-se o critério de Informação Bayesiana. O ponto de corte à apreciação positiva da percepção do paciente foi 0,75. Resultados: a média do escore de percepção foi 0,29, sendo que, das 15 barreiras analisadas, oito nunca são aderidas pelos profissionais, na visão da maioria dos pacientes. Além disso, a idade foi a única variável com significância estatística. Conclusão: Quanto mais jovem o paciente, melhor a sua percepção sobre a adesão dos profissionais de saúde às barreiras de segurança na administração de medicamentos.

Spatial analysis and factors associated with leptospirosis in Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2001-2015.

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil that can become an epidemic during the rainy season resulting from floods in areas susceptible to natural disasters. These areas are widespread in Santa Catarina, particularly in the coastal region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify environmental, climatic, and demographic factors associated with the incidence of leptospirosis in the municipalities of Santa Catarina from 2001 to 2015, taking into account possible spatial dependence. METHODS: This was an ecological study aggregated by municipality. To evaluate the association between the incidence of leptospirosis and the factors under study (temperature, altitude, occurrence of natural disasters, etc.) while taking into account spatial dependence, linear regression models and models with global spatial error were used. RESULTS: Lower altitudes, higher temperatures, and areas of natural disaster risk in the municipality contributed the most to explaining the variability in the incidence rate. After taking spatial dependence into account, only the minimum altitude variable remained significant. The regions of lower altitude, where the highest rates of leptospirosis were recorded, corresponded to the eastern portion of the state near the coastal region, where floods, urban floods, and overflows are common occurrences. No associations were found concerning demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of leptospirosis in Santa Catarina was associated with environmental factors, particularly low altitude, even when considering the spatial dependence structure present in the data. The spatial error model allowed for adequate modeling of spatial autocorrelation.

Potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly: Incidence and impact on mortality in a cohort ten-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacological therapy plays an important role in disease control in the elderly; unfortunately, this comes with a high prevalence in the use of medications classified as potentially inappropriate. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, risk factors, and survival of elderly people using potentially inappropriate medications (PIM). METHOD: A ten-year follow-up assessment of elderly participants residing in a capital of Central Brazil was conducted. The initial assessment (baseline) included 418 elderly people. Data were collected through home interviews guided by a questionnaire covering socioeconomic, demographic, living conditions, and health variables. The medication information obtained comprised active ingredient, dosage, route, and regimen for the medications. The PIMs were classified according to 2019 Beers Criteria. The analyses were performed using STATA 15.0. For survival analysis, a Cox Regression was performed with the respective Kaplan Meier curve. RESULTS: The incidence of PIM was 44.1 cases (95% CI: 35.2-54.7) per 1,000 people a year. The most used PIMs were nifedipine, glibenclamide, and sodium diclofenac. The risk factors were polypharmacy (aRR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.31-6.88) and diabetes mellitus (aRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03-2.39). We identified no statistically significant association between survival and the use of PIM. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the high consumption of PIM among the elderly causing polypharmacy risks. Health professionals working in drug treatment need to be alert to polypharmacy risks to ensure the rational use of medications to prevent adverse reactions and other health problems.

Correlation between climate data and land altitude for Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Fascioliasis is a food-borne parasitic disease that affects a range of animals, including humans caused by Fasciola hepatica. The present study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of bovine fasciolosis and to assess the correlation between the high Positivity Index (PI) and climate data and land altitude, from 2004 to 2008 and 2010 in Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Condemned livers of slaughtered animals were obtained from 198 out of 293 municipalities and from 518.635 animals, exclusively from SC. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the prevalence of F. hepatica and land altitude ( ρ ^ s = -0.43). The highest PI (above 10.1%) was observed in cities at 500 to 600 m (P < 0.01; ρ ^ s = -0.47) of altitude. There was no correlation between fascioliasis and rainfall in SC. It was determined that weather conditions in the past decade did not impose any limitation to the occurrence of the parasite, making it a disease of permanent clinical importance. These findings are essential to regions with similar geographical and climate conditions (i.e. altitude), when considering long-term control measurements, where animals and humans can be infected.

Retrospective study of immunization errors reported in an online Information System.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the immunization errors reported in an online Information System. METHOD: retrospective study conducted with data from the Adverse Event Following Immunization Surveillance Information System. Immunization errors were analyzed with respect to demographic characteristics and the vaccination process. Frequencies and error incidence rates have been calculated. Binomial and chi-square tests were used to verify differences in the proportions of the variables. RESULTS: 501 errors were analyzed, the majority involving routine doses (92.6%), without Adverse Event Following Immunization (90.6%) and in children under five years old (55.7%). The most frequent types of errors were inadequacy in the indication of the immunobiological (26.9%), inadequate interval between doses (18.2%) and error in the administration technique (14.2%). The overall error incidence rate was 4.05/100,000 doses applied; the highest incidences of routine vaccines were for human rabies vaccine, human papillomavirus and triple viral; the incidence rate of errors with Adverse Events Following Immunization was 0.45/100,000 doses applied. CONCLUSION: it was found that immunization errors are a reality to be faced by the health systems, but they are amenable to prevention through interventions such as the adoption of protocols, checklists and permanent education in health.

Factors related to the patient safety climate in an emergency hospital.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the relationship between the socio-demographic and work profile of the nursing professionals and the patient safety climate in a public emergency hospital. METHOD: a cross-sectional study carried out with 177 nursing professionals from a public emergency hospital. For data collection, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 was used, validated and cross-culturally adapted to the Portuguese language. To check the factors related to the instrument's domains, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: working in the medical and surgical clinic or emergency room, on a night shift, and having the intention to leave nursing, reduced the general safety climate in the multiple regression analysis. The younger professionals, with less than four years in the institution, and those who worked in the night shift had a lower safety climate related to the perception of the management. On the other hand, having a work contract with a hired worker improved the general safety climate and workplace satisfaction. CONCLUSION: identifying predictors on patient safety scores is an important management tool that allows diagnosing, planning and executing activities from the domains that need to be improved.